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1 торгово-промышленная выставка
1) General subject: fair2) Engineering: commercial and industrial exhibition3) Commerce: trade fair4) Business: trade and industrial exhibition, trade showУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > торгово-промышленная выставка
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2 выставка
сущ.exhibition;exposition;show;- международная выставказакрывать \выставкау — to close an exhibition
открывать \выставкау — to open ( торжественно - to inaugurate) an exhibition
устраивать \выставкау — to arrange an exhibition
участвовать в \выставкае — to take part (participate) in the exhibition
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3 торгово-промышленный
прил.commercial (trade) and industrial\торгово-промышленныйая выставка — commercial (trade) and industrial exhibition
Юридический русско-английский словарь > торгово-промышленный
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4 торгово-промышленная выставка
Русско-английский юридический словарь > торгово-промышленная выставка
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5 Gewerbe
Gewerbe n GEN, IND business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities); 2. industry (im Sinne von ‚gewerbliche Wirtschaft’, including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming); 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe); 6. last but not least: the world’s oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbstständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) • ein Gewerbe betreiben als GEN trade as • ein Gewerbe treiben als GEN trade as* * *n <Geschäft, Ind> business, industry, trade (No exact English equivalent, but the following six meanings convey the diverse aspects: 1. business (als Gegensatz zu Freizeitaktivität, as distinct from leisure-time activities) ; 2. industry (im Sinne von 'gewerbliche Wirtschaft', including mining, craft trades, commerce, transport, catering, banking & insurance, and other services, i.e. excluding farming) ; 3. a segment of the economy, as above, specified in the Gewerbeordnung = Industrial Code, but excluding mining ; 4. all small and medium-sized goods-producing businesses = mittelständisches Gewerbe ; 5. trade (small manufacturers and traders = Kleingewerbe) ; 6. last but not least: the world's oldest profession = das älteste Gewerbe der Welt. Steuerrechtliche Kriterien: Selbständige, planmäßige, nachhaltige (auch sittenwidrige) Betätigung, Beteiligung am allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Verkehr, Gewinnerzielungsabsicht) ■ ein Gewerbe betreiben als < Geschäft> trade as ■ ein Gewerbe treiben als < Geschäft> trade as--------: damit verbundene Gewerbe< Ind> allied industries, associated industries* * *Gewerbe
business, trade, (Beruf) calling, profession, occupation, vocation, shop, job (US), (Handwerk) craft, (Industrie) industry, (Industriezweig) line of business, branch of industry;
• ambulantes Gewerbe itinerant trade (trading), runaway shop, travelling vendors, peddlery (US), pedlary (Br.), peddling;;
• Anstoß erregendes Gewerbe offensive trade;
• aufblühendes Gewerbe boom industry;
• noch in der Entstehung begriffenes Gewerbe embryo industry;
• besonderes Gewerbe particular branch;
• im kleinsten Umfang betriebenes Gewerbe microbusiness;
• Dienst leistendes Gewerbe service industries;
• dunkles Gewerbe shady business;
• ehrbares Gewerbe honest trade, gentle calling;
• einträgliches Gewerbe profitable trade;
• energieintensive Gewerbe energy-intense industries;
• gefährliches Gewerbe dangerous trade (industry);
• genehmigungspflichtiges Gewerbe trade subject to a licence, licence case (US);
• gesundheitsschädliches Gewerbe offensive trade;
• grafisches Gewerbe printing trade;
• handwerkliches Gewerbe handicraft [business], craftman's establishment;
• kaufmännisches Gewerbe merchanthood, merchantry, business (commercial) occupation;
• konzessioniertes Gewerbe licensed traffic;
• landwirtschaftliches Gewerbe non-commercial trade;
• im öffentlichen Interesse liegendes Gewerbe business affected with a public interest;
• modeabhängiges Gewerbe fashionable trade;
• nützliches Gewerbe useful trade;
• ortsansässiges Gewerbe local trade;
• nicht registriertes Gewerbe unincorporated enterprise;
• schmutziges Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• sittenwidriges Gewerbe immoral trade;
• stehendes Gewerbe non-itinerant trading;
• durch Industriealisierung überholtes Gewerbe industry by-passed by industrialization;
• unterentlohntes Gewerbe sweatshop industry;
• verbotenes Gewerbe no lawful trade;
• zünftiges Gewerbe incorporated trade;
• Handel und Gewerbe commerce and industry;
• Gewerbe belästigender Art noxious trade;
• Gewerbe der Steuerumgehung tax avoidance industry;
• Gewerbe im Umherziehen runaway shop, itinerant trade (trading), peddlery, pedlary;
• sein Kapital in einem Gewerbe anlegen to buy o. s. into an industry;
• Gewerbe anmelden to register a trade (business);
• Gewerbe ansiedeln to locate industry;
• Gewerbe ausüben (betreiben) to carry on (drive, exercise, ply, pursue, follow) a trade, to run a business (US);
• Gewerbe beginnen to open a trade;
• Gewerbe nach kaufmännischen Gesichtspunkten betreiben to carry on a trade on a commercial basis;
• auf Gewinn gerichtetes Gewerbe betreiben to carry on business in common with a view to profit;
• Gewerbe erlernen to learn a trade;
• sein Gewerbe bei erkannter Insolvenz fortsetzen to continue trading after knowledge of insolvency;
• etw. zum Gewerbe machen to professionalize s. th.;
• einem Gewerbe nachgehen to prosecute (ply) a trade, to pursue a line of business;
• seinem Gewerbe nachgehen to go about one’s lawful occasions;
• Gewerbeanmeldung registration of business;
• Gewerbeantrag business application;
• Gewerbeantragsteller commercial applicant;
• Gewerbeaufseher factory inspector, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsicht factory (labo(u)r, trade) inspection;
• Gewerbeaufsichtamt factory inspectorate division, industrial executive (US);
• Gewerbeaufsichtswesen factoryship;
• Gewerbeausbildung industrial training;
• Gewerbeausbildungsgesetz Industrial Training Act (Br.);
• Gewerbeausschuss trade committee;
• Gewerbeausschuss für das Hotel- und Gaststättenwesen Hotel and Catering Industry Board (Br.);
• Gewerbeausstellung industrial (trade) exhibition, trade fair (Br.);
• Gewerbeausübung exercise (pursuit, conduct) of a trade;
• Gewerbebank industrial bank;
• Gewerbebeeinträchtigung interference with trade;
• Gewerbe befugnis, Gewerbeberechtigung [business (trade)] licence, commercial privilege, letters of business (Br.), concession (US);
• ausschließliche Gewerbeberechtigung monopoly;
• Gewerbeberechtigung entziehen to withdraw the operating licence;
• Gewerbebesteuerung business taxation. -
6 Wirtschaftsleistung
Wirtschaftsleistung f WIWI economic output* * *f <Vw> economic output* * *Wirtschaftsleistung
economic performance;
• gesamte Wirtschaftsleistung total economic output;
• Wirtschaftslenkung economic control, state (government) control, controlled economy, guidance of trade (US), dirigism;
• administrative Wirtschaftslenkung central economic planning, economic manipulation;
• Wirtschaftsliberalismus economic liberalism;
• Wirtschaftsliquidität liquidity of the economy;
• Wirtschaftsliteratur trade literature;
• Wirtschaftsmacht economic force (power);
• Wirtschaftsmagazin economic review, business publication;
• Wirtschaftsmärkte industrial markets, business outlets;
• Wirtschaftsmechanismus economic machinery;
• Wirtschaftsmesse commercial exhibition;
• Wirtschaftsminister Minister of Economics, Secretary for Trade and Industry, Minister of Economic Affairs (Br.);
• Wirtschaftsministerium Department of Trade and Industry (Br.), Department of Economic Affairs (Br.), Department of Commerce (US), Commerce Department (US);
• Wirtschaftsmodernisierung modernization of the economy;
• Wirtschaftsmonopol industrial monopoly;
• Wirtschaftsmoral commercial morality, business ethics;
• Wirtschaftsnachrichten industrial (commercial, business, city) news, business intelligence, economic survey;
• Wirtschaftsnachrichten schwerpunktartig hervorheben to highlight financial news;
• Wirtschaftsnachrichtenagentur economic news agency;
• Wirtschaftsnationalismus economic nationalism;
• Wirtschaftsnormen trade standards;
• Wirtschaftsobjekt business unit;
• Wirtschaftsoffensive economic offensive;
• Wirtschaftsordnung economic order (system);
• freiheitliche Wirtschaftsordnung free economic system;
• kapitalistische Wirtschaftsordnung capitalistic order;
• Wirtschaftsorganisation trade (industrial) organization;
• Wirtschaftspartner economic partner;
• Wirtschaftspartnerschaft economic partnership;
• Transatlantische Wirtschaftspartnerschaft (TEP) Transatlantic Economic Partnership;
• Wirtschaftsperiode economic period;
• Wirtschaftsphase economic cycle;
• Wirtschaftsphilosophie philosophy of business;
• Wirtschaftsplan budget;
• betrieblicher Wirtschaftsplan operating budget;
• staatliche Wirtschaftsplanung national economic (central) planning, planned (directed) economy, statism. -
7 Industriemacht
Industriemacht
industrial power;
• Industriemagnat captain of industry, industrial baron, tycoon (US);
• Industriemarkt (Börse) industrial market (list), (Börsenbericht) industrials;
• Industriemesse industries fair, industrial exhibition (fair, show);
• Industrieminister Secretary of State for Industry (Br.);
• Wirtschafts-, Handels- und Industrieministerium Department of Trade and Industry (Br.);
• Industriemonopol industrial monopoly;
• Industriemüll trade refuse;
• Industrienation industrial nation (power), advanced country, developed nation;
• Industrienorm industry standards;
• Industrienormung standardization of industry;
• Industrieobligationen industrial bonds (securities), [private] bonds, business corporation (corporate) bonds (US);
• Industrieödland derelict land;
• Industrieorganisation industrial machine (US);
• Industriepapiere industrial bonds (issues, securities, stocks), industrials;
• Industriepark trading estate (Br.);
• Industriepension industry pension;
• Industrieplan industrial plan;
• Industrieplanung planning of industry;
• Industriepolitik (EU)industrial policy;
• Industriepotenzial industrial potential;
• Industrieprodukte industrial (manufactured) goods, manufactures, industrial products, articles of manufacture;
• Industrieproduktion industrial output (production), factory production;
• Industrieproduktion erhöhen to step up industrial production;
• Industrieproduktivität industrial productivity;
• Industrieprogramm industrial plan;
• zum Skelett abgemagertes Industriereservoir skeletal industrial base;
• Industrieroboter [industrial] robot;
• Industrieschau industrial display (show);
• Industrieschuldverschreibungen private (industrial) bonds, corporate (corporation) bonds (US);
• Industrieschutzbeauftragter safety representative. -
8 exposición
f.1 exposition, show, display, exhibit.2 exposure, exposed position, exposition.Exposición al sol Exposure to the sun.3 exposé.4 exposition, dissertation.5 exposure.6 time exposure.7 libel, exposé.* * *1 (de arte) exhibition, show; (de mercancías) display2 (explicación) account, explanation; (hechos, ideas) exposé3 (al sol etc) exposure4 (fotografía) exposure5 (riesgo) risk\exposición universal world fair* * *noun f.1) exhibition, show2) display3) exposure* * *SF1) (=muestra) (Arte) exhibition; (Com) show, fairexposición itinerante — travelling show, traveling show (EEUU)
2) (=acto) [gen] exposing, exposure; (Fot) exposure; (Com) display3) (=enunciado) [de hechos] statement; [de teoría] expositionexposición de motivos — (Jur) explanatory preamble
* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex. In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.Ex. Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex. Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex. Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex. The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex. Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex. Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex. The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex. There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.----* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *1)a) ( acción) exhibition, showingb) (muestra - de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (- de productos, maquinaria) show2) (de hechos, razones) statement, exposition (frml); (de tema, teoría) exposition (frml), presentation3) (al aire, sol) exposure; (Fot) exposure* * *= account, display, exhibition, exposition, exposure, show, exhibit, art show, viewing.Ex: In the interests of clarity an integrated account of the appropriate added entry headings is to be found in 21.29 and 21.30.
Ex: Displays which take a theme approach, for example wild flowers, vintage cars, railways, and gather together material from different places in the library, can be useful in drawing attention to specific aspects of a library's resources.Ex: Special rules are includes for specific types of corporate bodies, such as exhibitions, conferences, subordinate and related bodies, governments bodies and officials, and radio and television stations.Ex: Ninety-nine years ago Charles Cutter began his exposition of a set of cataloging rules with the following objectives.Ex: The 1850s also saw the appearance of photolithography, whereby a chemical film spread on the surface of a litho stone or plate was rendered insoluble and water-repellent by exposure to light.Ex: Locate the exhibit catalog for a show of American impressionists held at the Corcoran Gallery in 1985.Ex: Models and displays set up in the salesrooms or as special exhibits are both decorative and interesting.Ex: The library provides a range of services to its community, including homebound service, story hours, film series, literacy tutoring, income tax assistance, art shows, to name a few.Ex: There will be a private viewing for conference-goers of Chicago's Art Institute and a reception at the Newberry Library with culinary delights created by Chef Louis Szathmary.* ajustar la exposición = adjust + exposure.* catálogo de exposición = exhibit catalogue, exhibition catalogue.* celebrar una exposición = hold + exhibition.* claridad de exposición = clarity of exposition.* en exposición = on exhibit, on show, on display.* exposición al sol = sun exposure.* exposición comercial = trade show, trade exhibition.* exposición de arte = art exhibit, art exhibition.* exposición de fotografías = photographic exhibition.* exposición de inauguración = opening exhibition.* exposición de libros = book display.* exposición de los hechos = statement of fact.* exposición de museo = museum exhibit.* exposición de productos artesanales = craft show.* exposiciones de fotografía = salon photography.* exposición fotográfica = photographic exhibition, photo gallery.* exposición indecente = indecent exposure.* exposición itinerante = travelling exhibition.* inauguración de la exposición = exhibition opening.* industria de las exposiciones comerciales = trade show industry.* montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.* participante en la exposición comercial = exhibitor.* sala de exposiciones = exhibition room, exhibit hall.* sala de exposición y venta = show room [showroom].* salón de exposición y ventas = salesroom [saleroom].* * *A1 (acción) exhibition, showing2 (muestra — de cuadros, esculturas) exhibition; (— de productos, maquinaria) showuna exposición de flores a flower showuna exposición itinerante a traveling exhibitionCompuestos:dog showtrade fairtrade fairworld fairB (de hechos, razones) statement, setting out, exposition ( frml); (de un tema, una teoría) exposition ( frml), presentationhizo una exposición detallada de lo ocurrido she gave a detailed account of what had happenedC1 (al aire, sol) exposure2 ( Fot) exposure* * *
exposición sustantivo femenino
1
(— de productos, maquinaria) show
2 (de hechos, razones) statement;
(de tema, teoría) presentation
3 (al aire, sol) exposure;
(Fot) exposure
exposición sustantivo femenino
1 Arte exhibition
exposición universal, world fair
2 (de un argumento, proyecto) account: me hizo una breve exposición de lo que había pasado, he gave a short account of what happened
3 Fot exposure
' exposición' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
caseta
- desarrollo
- discurso
- granada
- granado
- pabellón
- planteamiento
- salón
- sede
- albergar
- alegato
- auspiciar
- circuito
- concurrido
- conjunto
- didáctico
- feria
- inaugurar
- informe
- montar
- muestra
- panel
- relación
- surrealista
- urna
English:
auspice
- display
- draw
- exhibit
- exhibition
- exposition
- exposure
- opening
- show
- showroom
- stand
- statement
- dog
- on
- retrospective
- sales
- speed
* * *exposición nf1. [de arte] exhibition;[de objetos en vitrina] display; [de máquinas, aparatos, herramientas] show, fair;una exposición de flores a flower show;una exposición canina a dog showexposición universal international exposition o exhibition, US world's fair2. [de teoría] exposition;[de tema] presentation; [de ideas, propuesta] setting out, explanation; [de argumentos, razones] setting out, statement;ofreció una detallada exposición de los hechos she gave a detailed account of the events3. [al sol, calor, radiaciones] exposure4. Fot exposure5. Mús exposition* * *f exhibition* * *exposición nf, pl - ciones1) exhibición: exposition, exhibition2) : exposure3) : presentation, statement* * *1. (de arte) exhibition2. (de productos) show -
9 Ausstellung
f2. von Waren: display3. meist Sg.; einer Urkunde etc.: issue, issuing; einer Rechnung etc.: making out, writing (out); Datum und Ort der Ausstellung date and place of issue* * *die Ausstellung(Herausgabe) issue;(Schau) exhibition; exposition; display; show* * *Aus|stel|lungf1) (= Kunstausstellung, Messe) exhibition; (= Blumenausstellung, Hundeausstellung etc) show2) no pl (von Scheck, Rezept, Rechnung etc) making out; (behördlich) issuing* * *die1) (a public display (eg of works of art, industrial goods etc): an exhibition of children's books.) exhibition2) (( abbreviation expo) an exhibition: a trade exposition.) exposition* * *Aus·stel·lungf1. (Kunstausstellung, Messe) exhibitiondie \Ausstellung der Rechnung erfolgt innerhalb von zwei Werktagen an invoice will be issued within two working days; (Ausfertigung) issue, issuing* * *1) exhibiting2) (das Ausfertigen) s. ausstellen 2): making out; writing [out]; issuing3) (Veranstaltung) exhibition* * *2. von Waren: display3. meist sg; einer Urkunde etc: issue, issuing; einer Rechnung etc: making out, writing (out);Datum und Ort der Ausstellung date and place of issue* * *1) exhibiting2) (das Ausfertigen) s. ausstellen 2): making out; writing [out]; issuing3) (Veranstaltung) exhibition* * *f.display n.exhibition n.exposition n.issuance n.show n. -
10 Kunst
Kunst f GEN, MEDIA art* * *f <Geschäft, Medien> art* * *Kunst, brotlose
unremunerative occupation;
• Kunst des Verkaufens salesmanship;
• Kunstauktion art sale;
• Kunstausstellung art exhibition;
• Kunstbaumwolle artificial cotton;
• Kunstbeilage (Zeitung) art supplement;
• Kunstdruck art printing;
• Kunstdruckkarton art cardboard;
• Kunstetat budget for acquiring art;
• Kunstfaser artificial (synthetic) fibre (fiber, US);
• Kunstfaserproduktion synthetic-fibre production;
• Kunstfaserproduzent synthetic-fibre producer;
• Kunstfehler professional malpractice (negligence);
• Kunstfehlerprozess malpractice suit;
• Kunstgegenstände articles of virtue, objects of art;
• Kunstgewerbe applied art, arts and crafts, industrial art;
• Kunstgewerbeladen arts-and-crafts shop;
• Kunstgewerbler industrial artist;
• Kunstglas artistic glass;
• Kunstgummi synthetic (artificial) rubber;
• Kunsthandel art trade;
• Kunsthändler art dealer;
• Kunsthandlung art shop;
• Kunsthandwerk arts and crafts;
• Kunsthandwerker artificer, artisan;
• Kunstharz synthetic (casting) resin;
• Kunstharzlack synthetic paint;
• Kunstleder imitation leather. -
11 brotlose
Kunst, brotlose
unremunerative occupation;
• Kunst des Verkaufens salesmanship;
• Kunstauktion art sale;
• Kunstausstellung art exhibition;
• Kunstbaumwolle artificial cotton;
• Kunstbeilage (Zeitung) art supplement;
• Kunstdruck art printing;
• Kunstdruckkarton art cardboard;
• Kunstetat budget for acquiring art;
• Kunstfaser artificial (synthetic) fibre (fiber, US);
• Kunstfaserproduktion synthetic-fibre production;
• Kunstfaserproduzent synthetic-fibre producer;
• Kunstfehler professional malpractice (negligence);
• Kunstfehlerprozess malpractice suit;
• Kunstgegenstände articles of virtue, objects of art;
• Kunstgewerbe applied art, arts and crafts, industrial art;
• Kunstgewerbeladen arts-and-crafts shop;
• Kunstgewerbler industrial artist;
• Kunstglas artistic glass;
• Kunstgummi synthetic (artificial) rubber;
• Kunsthandel art trade;
• Kunsthändler art dealer;
• Kunsthandlung art shop;
• Kunsthandwerk arts and crafts;
• Kunsthandwerker artificer, artisan;
• Kunstharz synthetic (casting) resin;
• Kunstharzlack synthetic paint;
• Kunstleder imitation leather. -
12 Krupp, Alfred
[br]b. 26 April 1812 Essen, Germanyd. 14 July 1887 Bredeney, near Essen, Germany[br]German manufacturer of steel and armaments.[br]Krupp's father founded a small cast-steel works at Essen, but at his early death in 1826 the firm was left practically insolvent to his sons. Alfred's formal education ended at that point and he entered the ailing firm. The expansion of trade brought about by the Zollverein, or customs union, enabled him to increase output, and by 1843 he had 100 workers under him, making steel springs and machine parts. Five years later he was able to buy out his co-heirs, and in 1849 he secured his first major railway contract. The quality of his product was usefully advertised by displaying a flawless 2-ton steel ingot at the Great Exhibition of 1851. Krupp was then specializing in the manufacture of steel parts for railways and steamships, notably a weldless steel tire for locomotives, from which was derived the three-ring emblem of the Krupp concern. Krupp made a few cannon from 1847 but sold his first to the Khedive of Egypt in 1857. Two years later he won a major order of 312 cannon from the Prussian Government. With the development of this side of the business, he became the largest steel producer in Europe. In 1862 he adopted the Bessemer steelmaking process. The quality and design of his cannon were major factors in the victory of the Prussian artillery bombardment at Sedan in the Franco- Prussian War of 1870. Krupp expanded further during the boom years of the early 1870s and he was able to gain control of German coal and Spanish iron-ore supplies. He went on to manufacture heavy artillery, with a celebrated testing ground at Osnabrück. By this time he had a workforce of 21,000, whom he ruled with benevolent but strict control. His will instructed that the firm should not be divided.[br]Further ReadingP.Batty, 1966, The House of Krupp (includes a bibliography). G.von Klass, 1954, Krupp: The Story of an Industrial Empire.LRD -
13 prac|a
Ⅰ f 1. sgt (działalność) work; (fizyczna) labour- mieć dużo pracy to have a lot of work (to do)- jest jeszcze dużo pracy there’s still a lot of work to be done- zabrać się a. wziąć się do pracy to set to a. get down to a. go to work- przykładać się do pracy to apply oneself to one’s work- przerwać pracę (zastrajkować) to come out a. go (out) on strike- włożyć w coś wiele pracy to put a lot of work into sth- dojść do majątku (własną) pracą to get wealthy through one’s own efforts- wszystko osiągnął ciężką pracą he owes everything to his own hard work- cała jego praca poszła na marne all his work came to naught a. went down the drain pot.- (jego) praca nad filmem/nową rolą (his) work on a film/a new role- praca przy a. na komputerze/taśmie work on the computer/the production line- praca z dziećmi upośledzonymi umysłowo work with mentally handicapped children- praca z młodzieżą youth work- praca fizyczna physical work, manual labour- praca zarobkowa paid work, gainful employment- praca badawcza research work- praca społeczna voluntary a. community work- praca polityczna political activity- praca charytatywna charity work- praca papierkowa paperwork- praca niewolnicza slave labour- praca ponad siły superhuman work- praca zespołowa team work- praca w grupach group work- praca wykonywana z zamiłowaniem a labour of love- człowiek pracy a working man- świat pracy the working classes, the world of work- narzędzia pracy tools; przen. the tools of the trade- nawał a. ogrom pracy pressure of work- podział pracy Ekon. the division of labour- tempo pracy the pace of work- mieć pracę to be in work, to have a job- nie mieć pracy to be out of work a. out of a job- szukać pracy to look a. to be looking for work a. a job, to job-hunt- iść do pracy (zacząć zarabiać) to begin a. start work- rozpoczynać/kończyć pracę to begin a. start/finish work- dostać/stracić pracę to get/lose a job- zmienić pracę to change jobs- żyć z pracy własnych rąk to earn one’s living by honest work- dać komuś pracę to give sb work a. a job- zwolnić kogoś z pracy to give sb (their) notice, to dismiss sb- podziękować komuś za pracę to let sb go euf.- praca w pełnym/niepełnym wymiarze godzin a full-time/a part-time job- praca w systemie zmianowym shift work- praca etatowa/stała a permanent/a steady job- praca sezonowa seasonal work- praca sezonowa przy zbiorze truskawek seasonal work as a strawberry picker- praca wakacyjna a holiday job- praca dodatkowa an extra job- praca na akord piecework- praca zlecona a. na zlecenie contract work- dorabiał do pensji pracami zleconymi he supplemented his income with contract work- praca na własny rachunek self-employment- praca zawodowa career- praca zawodowa przy domowym terminalu telecommuting- praca z utrzymaniem a live-in job, work with bed and board- dobrze płatna praca a well-paid job- ciągłość pracy continuity of employment- staż pracy seniority, length of service- długi/krótki staż pracy long/short service- czas pracy working time a. hours- ruchomy czas pracy flexitime- skrócony czas pracy short time- dzień pracy a working day- dzień wolny od pracy a holiday- miejsce pracy work(place)- tworzenie nowych miejsc pracy job creation- rynek pracy the labour market- zakład pracy workplace- umowa o pracę contract of employment, employment contract- nagroda za 10 lat pracy a bonus for 10 years of service3. (miejsce zatrudnienia) work- być w pracy to be at work- pójść/przyjść do pracy to go/come to work- jeszcze nie wrócił (do domu) z pracy he’s not home from work yet- ona zawsze spóźnia się do pracy she’s always late for work- nie dzwoń do mnie do pracy don’t phone me at work- koledzy/koleżanki z pracy colleagues from work, fellow workers, workmates- nieobecność w pracy absence from work4. (utwór, książka, obraz) work- praca monograficzna a monograph- praca źródłowa a study based on sources a. on source materials- praca o muzyce/sztuce a. na temat muzyki/sztuki a work on a. about music/art- praca z (zakresu a. dziedziny) genetyki a work on genetics- napisać/ogłosić pracę z zakresu fizyki to write/publish a paper on physics- wystawa prac młodych artystów an exhibition of work(s) by young artists- na konkurs zgłoszono 20 prac there were 20 entries for the competition- praca domowa homework- odrabiać pracę domową to do homework- zadać uczniom pracę domową to give pupils homework a. an assignment US- praca klasowa a class test- praca semestralna a term a. an end-of-term paper- praca egzaminacyjna an examination paper a. script- praca dyplomowa/magisterska a Bachelor’s dissertation/a Master’s dissertation a. master’s thesis- praca doktorska/habilitacyjna a doctoral/a postdoctoral dissertation- praca pisemna z języka polskiego a Polish essay- poprawiać prace studentów to mark students’ work6. sgt (funkcjonowanie) workings pl, functioning, operation- praca serca the action of the heart- zatrzymanie pracy serca cardiac arrest- praca mięśni the work of the muscles- praca nerek the functioning of the kidneys- praca umysłu ludzkiego the workings of the human mind- praca maszyny/silnika the work a. operation of a machine/an engine- praca bez zakłóceń smooth running- tryb pracy (urządzenia) a mode7. Komput. job- sterowanie pracami job control- język sterowania pracami job control language- kolejka prac a job queue8. sgt Fiz. work- jednostka pracy unit of workⅡ prace plt work U- prace badawcze/badawczo-rozwojowe research/research and development work- prace przygotowawcze/wykończeniowe preparatory/completion work- prace murarskie/transportowe masonry a. bricklaying work/transport- prace remontowe/restauracyjne repair/restoration work- prace polowe/żniwne work in the field/harvesting- prace budowlane building work(s)- prace ziemne earthworks- prace budowlane jeszcze trwają the building work is still going on a. in progress- praca nakładcza outwork- praca nieprodukcyjna Ekon. non-productive labour- praca organiczna Hist. ≈ organic work (a programme of economic and cultural development, launched by the Polish positivists)- praca produkcyjna Ekon. productive labour- praca u podstaw Hist. ≈ work at the grass roots (a programme of spreading literacy and popularizing science among the masses, launched by the Polish positivists)- prace domowe housework- prace ręczne Szkol. handicrafts■ praca benedyktyńska książk. painstaking work- praca herkulesowa a Herculean task- praca syzyfowa książk. Sisyphean task a. labours- bez pracy nie ma kołaczy przysł. no gains without pains- jaka praca, taka płaca przysł. ≈ you only get paid for what you do- żadna praca nie hańbi przysł. ≈ honest work is nothing to be ashamed of- praca nie zając, nie ucieknie pot. work can waitThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > prac|a
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